GMAT申友句子改错SC题库-The ages of tropical rain forest trees provide critical information for understanding the dynamics of tree populations, -OG2022-真题答案解析

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The ages of tropical rain forest trees provide critical information for understanding the dynamics of tree populations, to determine historical patterns of disturbance, developing sustainable forestry practices, and calculating carbon recycling rates.

A.to determine historical patterns of disturbance, developing sustainable forestry practices, and calculating

B.to determine historical patterns of disturbance, develop sustainable forestry practices, and to calculate

C.determining historical patterns of disturbance, developing sustainable forestry practices, and calculating

D.determining historical patterns of disturbance, developing sustainable forestry practices, and to calculate

E.determining historical patterns of disturbance, for developing sustainable forestry practices, and for calculating

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";font-family:Georgia;font-size:15px">The sentence tells us that the ages of tropical rain forest trees provide critical information for determining the dynamics of tree populations—and for three other purposes. These three purposes are not coherently expressed; for example, the infinitive form to determine is not parallel with the three participle phrases. All three purposes can be expressed—in parallel with understanding . . . populations—in a series of participle phrases, with the preposition for understood as preceding each one.

A. As explained above, the infinitive phrase to determine is not parallel with understanding and therefore undermines the completion of a four-member series with understanding, developing, and calculating. Such a four-member series has the preposition for governing all four members, and for to determine does not make sense.

B. The infinitives to determine and to calculate are not parallel with the participle understanding; the parallelism is needed to complete a four-member series in which the preposition for governs all four members.

C. Correct. The three participles determining, developing, and calculating function as nouns here, and form a four-member series with understanding. The preposition for governs the participle understanding and carries over to each of the other three participles in the series.

D.The infinitive to calculate is not parallel with the participle understanding and

therefore cannot complete a four-member series of participles functioning as nouns and governed by the preposition for.

E.The preposition for is missing before the participle determining. In a four-member series of participles, all functioning as nouns, the preposition for governing

understanding can be understood as carrying over to the other three participles in the series; for parallelism, the preposition for can remain implicit before each of the three. The preposition can also be explicit, but if it is explicitly stated in any of the final three, it must be explicitly stated in each of them.